Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck, Thorsten Faas: The Campaign and its Dynamics at the 2005 German General Election, in: Clayton Clemens, Thomas Saalfeld (Hrsg.): The German Election of 2005: Voters, Parties and Grand Coalition Politics, London: Routledge, 2008, S. 59–85. [Abstract]
When on the eve of the Northrhine-Westphalia state election on 22 May, 2005, SPD Chancellor Gerhard Schröder announced that he had decided to seek an early election, he took the whole nation by surprise. Although none of them had been prepared to do so, the parties immediately shifted into campaign mode. What followed was one of the most intense and turbulent election campaigns of recent German political history. The article describes the fundamental preconditions and basic features that all parties’ electioneering had in common, and gives an account of the objectives and strategies of the different parties. The campaign’s main line of cleavage was between CDU/CSU and FDP on the one hand, and the SPD on the other. Media polls let the victory of the former two parties’ reform coalition appear as an almost foregone conclusion during most of the race. The SPD avoided a clear coalition commitment, and was forced to fight a two-front battle – against the reformist ‘Black-yellow’ camp on the one hand, and against the new Leftist Party on the other. In its campaign, the SPD took a decisive step to the left, highlighting issues of welfare and social justice. It fiercely attacked CDU/CSU and FDP and was rewarded by its core electorate at the polls. In contrast, opting for an agenda of liberal reforms that were by German standards unusually radical and contradicted the preferences of most voters made it difficult for the CDU/CSU to maintain its high level of mobilization. In the end, although the upcoming election had long seemed a done deal, the SPD managed to remobilise enough former supporters to emerge from the election almost on par with the CDU/CSU. Even at its very end, the 2005 campaign saw considerable dynamics. Presumably in response to the FDP’s and the Greens’ aggressive second-vote campaigns, substantial numbers of voters moved from the large parties to their smaller implicit or explicit partners. As later in the campaign a Grand Coalition began to appear as the likely outcome of this election, these voters decided to support the parties that represented the ‘purer’ versions of their political vision: the Greens in the case of ‘red-green’ previous adherents of the SPD, and even more strongly, the FDP in the case of market-liberal adherents of the CDU/CSU.